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E-learning in Learning Languages Sophie Sandham Yr 7 Teacher 

Context for Research: • Teacher at Taupo Intermediate in Year 7 Children with Special Abilities class. • 2 nd  year teaching French • 28 students – 2 Maori students • French taken for 50 mins twice a week • Oui language programme  Why Change? • The previous year I used the Oui French programme with its provided DVD and CD rom as well as written material. ICT elements were not included in learning. • There is such a variety of ICT tools and I wanted to see if using these helped with language acquisition. • I talked with the class about how they thought ICT would help in their learning. They were in no doubt it would be more fun and would help them practice their skills.

What did I want to achieve? • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">I wanted the children to retain more of what we had covered and, due to limited French time in class, I wanted a way for them to be able to practice at home or during other class time available. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">My aim was to work towards the students carrying out an interview of a French speaking person at the end of the year. In this interview the children would be receiving unexpected responses from the interviewee.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 32pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">The Big Question?? <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 32pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">How can E-learning help my Year 7 students develop their French conversational skills?

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 32pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">First: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">I created a wiki to be used for French and uploaded games etc for my class to use. •I n <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">eeded to become more familiar with what was available online to help with teaching a language. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Through ELLE we had help in accessing various sites and it opened my eyes to the wide variety there was. <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msoasciifontfamily: Chinacat; msobidifontfamily: +mn-cs; msocolorindex: 1; msofareastfontfamily: +mn-ea; msofontkerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Research Base: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">My focus is Ellis Erlam Sakui 2004 – Principles of Effective Instructed Language Learning: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Particularly Principles 7 (language learning requires opportunities for __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">output __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">) & 8 (students need the opportunity to __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">interact __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">) • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Digital natives – • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">“today’s students ... represent the first generations to grow up with this new technology.” • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">“rethinking needs to be applied to all subjects at all levels.”

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Baseline Data Collection: Sound files were made with children being asked to say what they could from provided questions, without rehearsal. Initially I had 1 Maori boy in the class who was included in my study. At this point the class had been learning French for 3 weeks:

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">media type="custom" key="4810497" C

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> media type="custom" key="4810495" B

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">media type="custom" key="4810501" Z

What was used: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">French wiki – access games & email • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Powerpoint presentations of units • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Glogster • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Voki • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Toondoo • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Voicethread

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Findings: <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">French wiki: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">This allowed students to access practice games in school and at home. It also allowed me to communicate individually with students in French via the email which was really valuable for those who wanted to.

<span style="color: black; font-family: Cookies; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Cookies; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Wiki <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">PowerPoint presentations: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">These made sessions more enjoyable and interactive. Repetition wasn’t so boring using this medium.

• <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Glogster: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Last year my class created a ‘moi’ which was all about themselves. I found that when using ICT they wrote much more. <span style="color: black; font-family: Cookies; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Cookies; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> 2008 Moi Glog Z Glog B

• <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Voki: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">This was an interesting way to record the students’ voices. A fun activity which took away some of the embarrassment of having an oral assessment.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">media type="custom" key="4564306"

• <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Toondoo: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">This comic strip maker allowed the children to practice writing French correctly to show a conversation between 2 people.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Voicethread: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">A fantastic way to upload conversationsor record directly without having to stand in front of the class. The students can then peer assess each other as well as being great for teacher assessment.

<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Cookies; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Cookies; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Voicethread <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Cookies; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msoasciifontfamily: Cookies; msobidifontfamily: +mn-cs; msocolorindex: 1; msofareastfontfamily: +mn-ea; msofontkerning: 12.0pt;"> Voicethread 2

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Student Achievement: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">When comparing the initial sound files with the latest Voicethreads, improvement is clear. This graph shows the amount of words known by the student in their initial sound file and then those used in the Voicethread (this is not representative of __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">all __<span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> words known but gives a clear indication of development).

• <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">In terms of project completion, my Maori student, Che, didn’t complete all tasks although was engaged in class sessions. His language acquisition was good although he showed the lowest improvement rate. Zane showed particularly great retention of the language. <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">It is difficult to prove whether ICT involvement improved conversational skills or whether this would have happened regardless. However the students were very clear about how they felt about ICT use in learning French....

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msoasciifontfamily: 'Action Jackson'; msobidifontfamily: +mj-cs; msocolorindex: 1; msofareastfontfamily: +mj-ea; msofontkerning: 12.0pt;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">

Shifts in My Learning: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">I have become much more confident in ICT use. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">The used ICT elements added to the learning experience and provided opportunities to practice conversational confidence. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">I have found sessions more enjoyable and interactive. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Through the wiki I have communicated more with students privately and I have found this rewarding. <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 32pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">

Problems Encountered: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">I am lucky to have 10 computers in my room however only 4 will record sound. This made recording very challenging and time consuming. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Losing internet access made using some sites difficult and we had to use other ways to upload sound. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Not being able to fully utilise the internet at school made it time consuming at home.

Implications for Practice: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">It is important to have computers in the classroom with Internet access and adequate sound recording capabilities. A projector has been vital in sharing and using ICT in language teaching. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Continue to use ICT in French language sessions and in assessment. • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Continue to make further developments in own knowledge to find the best ways possible of completing the tasks.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Action Jackson'; font-size: 28pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Action Jackson'; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">References: • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Principles of Effective Instructed Language Learning. 2004. Ellis Erlam Sakui • <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 24pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. 2001. M Prensky <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 20pt; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Chinacat; font-size: 20pt; font-style: italic; language: en-NZ; mso-ascii-font-family: Chinacat; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Thank you to Shirley Bain for her help and advice.